![]() ![]() Kay's paper also and explains the concept of the Dynabook (in the Macintosh) and then by Microsoft in Windows. Personal Dynamic Media describing SmallTalk - whose GUI was copied by Apple Was destined for use in Sun workstations, and in some Apple products.Īlso in this now historic reprint volume is a notable paper by Alan Kay et al, The Intel 8086 was set to power the Wintel PC, and the Motorola 68000, Isaacson (Editor), Microprocessors and MicrocomputersĪlong with papers describing the architecture of the Intel 8086 by the chips designers,Īnd a paper describing the coming Motorola 68000 by its lead designers. Macro-Assemblers and Macro-Based Languages in Micro-processor Software Development,įirst published in IEEE Computer in 1979, and then republished in an IEEE volume, Especially notable in this regard is the paper, Note that as Oznaki was a pioneering project, running on the very first personal computers, the software tools for developing microprocessor code were NOT commercially available and had to developed. Sofware Engineering in the OZNAKI Project Poly-88 Z-80 based "microcomputer", a specialised keyboard, The controller previously used for Zonky 1 was still There are many examples of these control codes in the 1976 paper detailing theĪ somewhat less militaristic design was used for Zonky II. ZONKY from above, and indicates direction of movement of top of track.Ĭontrol code 40H (ASCII bit=1 so this is a motor command Motor Control: 0 = Both On 1 = Both OFFĮxactly how this works mechanically is indicated by the following diagram, that looks down on Right Track Direction 0 = forward 1 = reverse Left Track direction 0 = forward, 1 = reverse This facilitated the introduction of decimals. So that they would be visible on the computer monitor in series with the robot.Ī unit movement command involved the transmission of ten such code characters Zonky to be controlled by 7-bit ASCII characters in the range 40H upwards, This lead to the following design decisions: Which it had to share with a computer terminal. The original ZONKY was to be controlled by a serial line from the La Trobe University DEC-10 Computer, To the rotation of the commutator through the brushes. The controller monitored the DC motor feed and counted pulses due Rather than re-engineer the tank and power the tracks by stepping motors, All circuitry was CMOS to minimise the load on theĪs sofware engineer I designed the ASCII protocol for controlling ZONKY. Simple logic circuits on a chip that can convert from parallel to serial and vice versa,Ĭost over $200, so the circuit design incorporated shify registers Of 1975, when the basic logic logic gates were cheap, but anything more elaborate Was a discovery described in the Cohen-Green joint paper,ĭesigned constructed by Ph.D. This experience is in sharpening a young student's spatial perception, Prepare students for their encounter with a screen Turtle. In addition to the more obvious F(ORWARD) and B(ACK) and so Up students ability to direct a Turtle through the turning commands, R(IGHT), L(EFT), ![]() The main point of the experience with Zonky was to sharpen It was not practical to turn Zonky through an exact angle,ĭue to slip of the tracks. ![]() If the motors had opposite directions, the robot turned on the spot. With both motors turning in the same direction, Zonky travelled Forward, or Back. This - the very first Zonky was based on the chassis of a toy tank. To rightĪ stripped-down ZONKY clearly showing the 3 wire tether. ![]() ZONKY fully rigged with primary student programmer, Dr Cohen in background. Was mechanically very simple, and made from the cheapest components,īut electronically rather more sophisticated. In conjunction with Grad student Andrew Downing, In contrast the OZNAKI Turtle, the Zonky developed by the writer Note multi-strand control cable, and large precision stepper motors under a perspex dome. The MIT LOGO Turtle from MIT newsheet "The Tech" Which was used by the young Radia Perlman in teaching kindergarten-age children: The Turtle Robot in the MIT LOGO Group during my sojourn there in 1974 Rotate Left Rotate anti-clockwise (as viewed from) ahead a unit angle Rotate Right Rotate clockwise (as viewed from) ahead a unit angle A turtle robot is an ambulatory robot that can execute commands received in digital formįorward Go directly ahead a unit distanceīack Go directly backwards a unit distance ![]()
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